加薪，对企业和职工意味着什么
<span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">今年以来，自江苏省在全国率先上调最低工资标准后，浙江、广东、福建、上海等地也陆续调整最低工资标准，调整幅度都在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">10%</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">以上，一些省份如广东的最低工资标准平均提升幅度超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">20%.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">众所周知，执行最低工资标准的企业很难招到工人，因而最低工资标准上调，伴随而来的是企业职工工资水平的普遍提高，这一轮加薪潮对企业和职工来说意味着什么？记者近日对此进行了调查。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">加薪：</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">增强了职工的归属感</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">江苏迪邦三星纺织有限公司董事长汤国刚告诉记者，今年企业给职工的加薪力度是前所未有的，目前公司普通职工的工资至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">2500</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元，技术工人可拿到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">3800</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">4000</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元。此外，为了留住员工，这家常州企业还探索薪酬激励制度。在公司工作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">年和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">年的外来员工待遇差不多的话，老员工容易缺乏成就感。因此在公司工作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">年的，每人每月补贴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">20</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元；工作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">年的，每人每月补贴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">200</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元，以此类推。这项工龄补贴，企业一年要多支出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">150</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">万元，但这样做，提高了员工的归属感，企业员工流动率不到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">5%</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">，在同行中是非常低的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">南京师范大学社会发展学院<personname wst="on" productid="祝宏俊">祝宏俊</personname>教授认为，其实，加薪也是企业文化的重要内涵。如果以工资增长为核心的集体谈判制度能建立完善，一线工人工资能持续增长，工人积极性高涨，生产效率提高了，企业的凝聚力和竞争力就能大大提高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">加薪：</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">对企业与员工是双赢之举</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">江苏双鑫石油机械有限公司春节过后就给工人涨工资了，增幅约为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">20%</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">，员工平均月薪超过了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">2000</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元。“按照公司现有的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">300</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">人计算人力成本，一年大概多支出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">144</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">万元。涨薪，不能说对企业完全没有影响，但是这个影响并不大。目前我们的产品行情比较好，销售价格的增幅正好能够抵冲加薪的增长。”公司办公室孙主任说，“其实，加薪对企业和工人来说，是双赢的，可以减少工人流失，还能增强工人的劳动积极性——我们公司的工人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">80%</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">是本地人，很多人前几年一直在苏南打工，现在我们开出的工资与苏南的水平很接近，工人在家门口就业就很安心。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">江苏东华纺织有限公司董事长张寿祥认为，加薪不仅是增长工资，更是提升员工的尊严。他介绍说，公司改制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">年来，工人工资已从过去的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">350</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">/</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">月提升到现在的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">1600</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">/</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">月。“我们不仅给员工涨工资，更注重他们的尊严维护与精神感受。虽然我们是一家民营企业，但</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">1000</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">多名职工都有五险，每年可获享一次免费体检——只有尊重工人，工人才会尊重企业、热爱本职岗位。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">加薪：</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">从长远来看是趋势</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">对于加薪，职工有自己的理解。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">盐城市江苏东华纺织有限公司机修工小陆说：“我感觉今年工资涨幅的确挺高的，以前账面工资只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">1100</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">元，今年涨了，大致涨了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">20%.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">不过，今年以来物价上涨也比较明显。”建湖一家民营石油机械制造企业的一名工人坦言，他们的工资是计件工资，工资多少完全看工作量，“不过，公司给我们把基本工资涨了一点，我们当然开心。目前这个涨幅，虽说不可能大张旗鼓地去‘促进消费’，但是个人确实减轻了一些压力。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">“经济发展，劳动者的生活水平和生活质量同时提高，是一个硬道理。因此从长远看，劳动力成本的增加是刚性的，是不可避免的大趋势。”南京大学社会学院教授朱力告诉记者，去年他曾对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">380</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">名新生代农民工做调查，发现新生代农民工受教育程度较高，他们普遍希望成为城市居民，通过提高收入，获得在城市生活的资本，“劳动者迫切希望工资性收入增长，有其深层原因。近年来，中国居民劳动报酬占</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">GDP</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">比重由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">50</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">％降至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">40</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">％。劳动者报酬在初次分配中的比重下滑了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">个百分点。尤其是制造企业一线操作工的收入增幅普遍低于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">GDP</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">增幅和资本利润率增幅。劳动者绝对收入增加但相对收入减少，这不是正常现象，因此，政府部门及时调整最低工资水平，是很明智的。同时，有责任感的企业家，应该自觉提升职工工资水平。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><p></p></span></p></span>
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