ISO9000产生的背景
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">ISO9000</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">是由西方的品质保证活动发展起来的。二战期间，因战争扩大所需武器需求量急剧膨胀，美国军火商因当时的武器制造工厂规模、技术、人员的限制未能满足</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">一切为了战争</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">。美国国防部为此面临千方百计扩大武器生产量，同时又要保证质量的现实问题。分析当时企业：大多数管理是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">NO.1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">，即工头凭借经验管理，指挥生产，技术全在脑袋里面，而一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">NO.1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">管理的人数很有限，产量当然有限，与战争需求量相距很远。于是，国防部组织大型企业的技术人员编写技术标准文件，开设培训班，对来自其它相关原机械工厂的员工（如五金、工具、铸造工厂）进行大量训练，使其能在很短的时间内学会识别工艺图及工艺规则，掌握武器制造所需关键技术，从而将</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">专用技术</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">迅速</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">复制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">到其它机械工厂，从而奇迹般地有效解决了战争难题。战后，国防部将该宝贵的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">工艺文件化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">经验进行总结、丰富，编制更周详的标准在全国工厂推广应用，并同样取得了满意效果。当时美国盛行文件风，后来，美国军工企业的这个经验很快被其他工业发达国家军工部门所采用，并逐步推广到民用工业，在西方各国蓬勃发展起来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial"> <br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">随着上述品质保证活动的迅速发展，各国的认证机构在进行产品品质认证的时候，逐渐增加了对企业的品质保证体系进行审核的内容，进一步推动了品质保证活动的发展。到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">20</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">70</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年代后期，英国一家认证机构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">BSI</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">（英国标准协会）首先开展了单独的品质保证体系的认证业务，使品质保证活动由第二方审核发展到第三方认证，受到了各方面的欢迎，更加推动了品质保证活动的迅速发展。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial"> <br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">通过三年的实践，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">BSI</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">认为，这种品质保证体系的认证适应面广，灵活性大，有向国际社会推广的价值。于是，在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">1979</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">ISO</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">提交了一项建议。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">ISO</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">根据</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">BSI</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">的建议，当年即决定在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">ISO</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">的认证委员会的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">品质保证工作组</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">的基础上成立</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">品质保证委员会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">1980</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">ISO</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">正式批准成立了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">品质保证技术委员会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">（即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">TC176</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">）着手这一工作，从而导致了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">“ISO9000</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">族</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">标准的诞生，健全了单独的品质体系认证的制度，一方面扩大了原有品质认证机构的业务范围，另一方面又导致了一大批新的专门的品质体系认证机构的诞生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial"> <br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">自从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">1987</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">ISO9000</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">系列标准问世以来，为了加强品质管理，适应品质竞争的需要，企业家们纷纷采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">ISO9000</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">系列标准在企业内部建立品质管理体系，申请品质体系认证，很快形成了一个世界性的潮流。目前，全世界已有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">100</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">多个国家和地区正在积极推行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">ISO9000</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">国际标准。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">电话：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">18928452163<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>QQ1434460936<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">邮箱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#444444;font-family:arial">Zhouguilin@chinacsra.org</span></p> <p>因贴子属于ISO体系范畴，其内容更适合“<a class="newlink" href="http://www.chinacsra.org.cn/index.php?boardid=28"><strong><font color="#222222">质量/环境/汽车/药品/消费品管理体系</font></strong></a>”版块，特将此贴从“墨墨吾文”版转移到此版。</p><p>也请楼主下次发贴注意一下。望理解支持，谢谢！</p><p></p> <p>谢谢</p>
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