打工者中心针对最低工资迈向生活工资的倡导
<p align="center"><strong><font size="5">打工者中心针对最低工资迈向生活工资的倡导</font></strong></p><p align="center">作者：罗春丽 陈继燕来源：GCAP-中国、社会资源研究所时间：2011-06-17 </p><p></p><h2 style="margin:13pt 0cm"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><font size="3"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">案例要点：</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></font></b></span></span></h2><p class="MsoListParagraph" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">1</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">、比较深入的，持续的跟进同一个议题的倡导，这样做的好处是能就一个议题累积经验，提出更有说服力的倡导方案，持续的倡导也能形成一定的媒体话语效应。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">2</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">、同时，最低工资迈向生活工资的过程，不同地区的经济发展状况不同，所以在倡导的时候从机构最熟悉和了解的当地情况出发，工人能根据自身的现状表达自身的诉求，提出较有针对性的政策建议。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">3</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">、工人作为倡导主体从最开始的分析讨论，提出诉求，到后来的行动，参与度很高。<br /><span><span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">4</font></span></span></span><span><span><span>、不足之处在媒体的动员，分析机构挑战方面，还需要多些考虑。<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></b></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:wingdings"><span style="mso-list:ignore">l<span style="font:7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">打工者中心的介绍：</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">打工者中心在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">2003</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">年由深圳的受伤工人开始带头筹备成立，是一个工商注册的非营利的公益民间草根机构，由外来工组建而成。中心的宗旨是倡导工人自主自强，发扬团结互助精神，合法维护劳动权益，缓解社区劳资矛盾，在社区中创建公平的可持续发展空间。中心的愿景是工友的自我保护能力有所提高，工友自信、自强，参与社区协作的能力提升，用声音和行动去影响社会关注，打工生活环境得到改善。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:wingdings"><span style="mso-list:ignore">l<span style="font:7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">打工者中心的倡导策略：</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-layout-grid-align:none"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">机构成立之初的定位是埋头低调做事，<span lang="EN-US"> 2008</span>年黄庆南事件之后，广泛的被媒体报道，同时，社会环境也在慢慢的好转，我们希望自身作为一个社会民间草根组织，通过合法的途径表达我们的声音。这本应是社会民间组织的责任。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-layout-grid-align:none"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-layout-grid-align:none"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">但我们清楚</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn">作为草根机构，我们并不能代表工人，只有工人才能代表工人，所以和工友一起学习、思考、一起行动。考虑到倡导有些是从理论层面，有些是通过调查和报告，那么民间劳工NGO的特色即是工友的参与。 <p></p></span></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:4.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">策略</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">1</font></span></b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">：劳动政策倡导</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">工人维权行动可以在局部改善劳资关系，而好的劳工政策则可以惠及每个工人。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">我们和工友一起关注劳工政策，并联合其他社会力量。倡导专题劳权和关注劳权热点，出版社会调查研究报告，向各政府机构部门和社会各界提出建议。一起推动现有劳工政策的改善，推动更好的劳工政策的出台，以达致更好的改善劳动权益保障。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">策略</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">2</font></span></b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">：与合作组织保持策略联系</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">一个组织团队的力量和影响是有局限性的，加强社会运动参与，联合不同关注工人权益的社会组织和个人，相互支援，扩大社会影响力，促进社会大环境的改善。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">1</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">、与国内、国际关注劳动权益的组织和个人保持联系，融汇不同组织、团体、个人的知识、借鉴经验、寻求案例信息支援。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">2</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">、与关注劳动权益的律师、媒介人士、不同院校的老师和学生等保持联系，加强社会不同层面人士对劳动权益的认识和更多支持。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">3</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">、向政府机关反映基层工人劳动状况，提出相关建议，为实现和谐劳资关系作努力。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">策略</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">3</font></span></b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">：倡导行动坚定立场，稳步推进</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">我们的倡导行动理性合法，在倡导的过程中，会站在支持现有政策的角度考虑，在现有政策制度能接受的层面上，一步步的提出改变建议。同时，我们也特别注意在文字表达方面小心斟酌，使倡导意见更容易被广泛接纳和理解。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">NGO</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">不能一味的情绪化的表达，需要多些包容，在倡导、影响别人，让别人认可自己的想法的时候需要事实说服力和不同的策略。站在各方面考虑问题的同时，尤其需要表明自己立场，时刻保持立场的独立性这一点需要通过团队协作。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-para-margin-left:4.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">民间机构对政策回应，我们不认为是倡导，一个真正的倡导不是一两天的事情，它是对一个政策长远的影响或者制度性的改变。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:21.1pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></b></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:wingdings"><span style="mso-list:ignore">l<span style="font:7pt 'times new roman'"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">打工者中心的倡导案例</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">案例</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">1</font></span></b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">2010</font></span></b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">年最低工资倡议分享</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">??</font></span></b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">最低工资需迈向生活工资</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></b></span></span></p><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">打工者中心从</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">2007</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">年开始关注工人最低工资标准的调整，每年都有关注，有所成效的是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">2007</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">年的倡导行动，最后深圳调高了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">50</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">元。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">起初工友发现问题：物价上涨工人生活压力大，政府称最低工资可调高、调低，有可能是不变。然后工友们一起学习相关最低工资的规定，并商量讨论，决策一个诉求：提高最低工资</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">20%</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">，一起联名寄信给政府。打工者中心给工友提供信息协助。结果</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">100</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">多名工人联名寄信给相关政府部门，且分次分批信访相关政府部门，同时寄给媒体，社会反响大，得到大量报道。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">2007</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">10</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">月底，深圳市政府公布最低工资调高</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">50</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">/</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">月；参与的工友都非常高兴，不但学习到最低工资的相关规定，且改变之前不调的现状。</span></span></span></p> <p><strong><font size="3" face="黑体">我国最低工资的问题：</font></strong></p><p>1、成为最高工资</p><p>2、满足不了劳动者个人和家庭生活所需</p><p>3、制定标准不透明</p><p>4、增长跟不上经济发展和消费指数</p><p>5、调整时间段在倒退 </p><p>l </p><p><strong><font color="#0000ff" size="4">2010最低工资倡议 --最低工资需迈向生活工资</font></strong></p><p><strong>生活工资：</strong>就是工作所得应该要能让人负担得起自己和家庭的开销 (住房， 设备用品，营养，衣服，保健，教育，饮用水，儿童保育，交通,通讯、杂项商品及储蓄)， 包括可随意支配的收入，并且还要考虑到受扶养的家庭成员。我们主张深圳最低工资应调至1500元至1900元。(2010年7月1日之前为关内1000元/月、关外900元/月，2010年7月1日调整为1100元/月)</p><p><strong>l 2010年关注的最低工资问题</strong></p><p>1、最低工资标准定的太低，能糊口养家却难，不足以保障工人维持一定的生活所需，物价上涨工人生活压力大。</p><p>2、最低工资标准调整基数和方法不透明，各城市纷纷调高了最低工资，调高标准不一。</p><p><strong>l 跟工友一起计算生活工资所需费用</strong></p><p>得出单一个人生活支出需要1080元</p><p><strong>l 分析、讨论</strong></p><p>深圳最低工资表面看有增长实际上增长少或没有增长</p><p><strong>l 最低工资三种测算方法计算结果</strong></p><p>1、社会平均工资法，取深圳市职工月平均工资40%计算，最低工资应调整至约1500元以上。（3894*0.4=1557.6）</p><p>2、依照恩格尔系数法计算，以2007年中国营养学会推荐的居民食物最低食品量计算深圳当前人均最低食物月支出费用为369元。我们选取温饱型的中位数标准，以当前人均赡养1.5人的标准计算得出生活工资：（369元÷55%）×2.5=1677元，社保支出则列入调整数。</p><p>3、比重法：以目前深圳关外一个工人基本生活所需是1080元,则最低工资调整应为2700元 </p><p><strong>l 同工友决策二个诉求</strong></p><p>1、深圳最低工资应调至1500元至1900元。</p><p>2、各政府应公示最低工资标准调整计算基数和方法 。</p><p><strong>l 行动</strong></p><p>1、4月?5月就社会对最低工资参与的讨论，打工者中心分别进行了三次组稿“最低工资需迈向生活工资”投稿媒体，以达致引起社会讨论，未得到报道。</p><p>2、6月初调整《最低工资需迈向生活工资》邮寄给深圳市政府、劳动保障局、市工会、人大法制委。</p><p><strong>l 深圳最低工资公布调整后行动升级</strong></p><p>1、跟工友商讨决策，工友要求劳动保障部门信息公开发布，最低工资标准的测算方法和依据，是如何保障劳动者和家庭生活所需。</p><p>2、部分工友联名寄信要求政府公开发布最低工资标准的测算方法。（信未寄出，基于风险评估考虑）</p><p><strong>l 改变和效果</strong></p><p>1、部分参与的工友对最低工资多些认识。</p><p>2、6月得到了《南方工报》的报道，报道变成了《南方工报》的新闻稿，打工者中心工作人员变成了通讯员。</p><p>3、7月下旬打工者中心收到深圳市人力资源保障局的来电，称我们的意见很好很科学，再约时间见面谈。</p><p>4、个别工友透过网络邮箱要求信息公开，未得到回复。</p><p><strong>l 问题和困惑</strong></p><p>1、工作人员缺乏倡导经验</p><p>2、工作人员对最低工资制度知识掌握不够</p><p>3、民间机构发声难</p><p>4、影响、改变方法少</p><p>5、运用、联合外界其它力量弱</p><p><strong>l 结语</strong></p><p> 最低工资倡议是需要长期关注倡议，欢迎大家一起参与，商讨对策并行动。</p><p> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:wingdings"><span style="mso-list:ignore">l<span style="font:7pt &quot:;times new roman&:;quot:"></span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">打工者中心的倡导资源</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.99"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">媒体资源</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">前期：和采访过的媒体建立关系，定期寄送机构出版的刊物。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">倡导：寄送报料信给媒体，报料信需要简短的把要点和媒体需要的卖点提炼出来。需要的媒体会主动联系，或者给他们邮寄过去，留下机构联络人的的联系方式，提前准备卖点相关的个案，联络愿意接受访谈的工友。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.99"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">学者资源</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">前期：主动联系拜访学者，定期发送机构出版刊物和机构相关的动态信息，</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 7.8pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">倡导：在倡导的时候发送倡导意见给学者，提意见。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:21.1pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.99"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">NGO</font></span></b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">资源</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">在前期调研阶段，走访不同的机构，了解情况，获得支持。某些议题可以考虑机构联名，增加倡导的力量。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.99"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">网络资源</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">开设机构博客</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.99"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">总结</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">摸着石头过河，倡导本身不一定是高层的研讨会，倡导可以是有工人和民间力量参与的倡导。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:21.1pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"></font></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">欢迎大家针对上述案例，进行讨论。推荐的讨论问题如下：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></u></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:0cm;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo13"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri"><span style="mso-list:ignore"><font face="Calibri">1.</font><span style="font:7pt &quot:;times new roman&:;quot:"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">在案例中，倡导的行动主体是谁？分别参与了哪些环节？</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo13"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri"><span style="mso-list:ignore"><font face="Calibri">2.</font><span style="font:7pt &quot:;times new roman&:;quot:"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">案例中在倡导过程中的风险评估有做哪里？风险评估做得足够吗？</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo13"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri"><span style="mso-list:ignore"><font face="Calibri">3.</font><span style="font:7pt &quot:;times new roman&:;quot:"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">在这个案例中的倡导思路是什么？</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo13"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri"><span style="mso-list:ignore"><font face="Calibri">4.</font><span style="font:7pt &quot:;times new roman&:;quot:"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">案例中有哪些做的不足的地方吗？</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo13"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri"><span style="mso-list:ignore"><font face="Calibri">5.</font><span style="font:7pt &quot:;times new roman&:;quot:"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">如果你来做最低工资迈向生活工资的倡导，你会怎么做？</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-21pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo13"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri"><span style="mso-list:ignore"><font face="Calibri">6.</font><span style="font:7pt &quot:;times new roman&:;quot:"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">看了打工者中心的倡导案例，你有什么想和大家分享的？</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;mso-para-margin-left:4.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link1"><span style="mso-bookmark:ole_link2"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:calibri">感谢打工者中心提供上述案例。<br /><br />《什么是倡导？倡导的概念和辨析》<br /><a href="http://www.gcap-china.com/sparkplug/78/html/sparkplug_920.html" target="_blank">http://www.gcap-china.com/sparkplug/78/html/sparkplug_920.html</a><br />《为什么做倡导？倡导的意义和空间》<br /><a href="http://www.gcap-china.com/sparkplug/78/html/sparkplug_922.html" target="_blank">http://www.gcap-china.com/sparkplug/78/html/sparkplug_922.html</a><br /><br /></span></span></span></p>
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