刘植荣：世界工资研究报告
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:12.5pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界工资研究报告</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">作者<span lang="EN-US">:<a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/zhirong" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US"><u>刘植荣</u></span></span></a> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">我考察了世界最富的欧洲，那里与从课本上所了解的资本主义判若两个社会<span lang="EN-US">——</span>国家财富惠及每个百姓，低收入群体享受数百种福利，有的城市公交免费，政府为市民免费提供自行车，百姓不再为生老病死担忧。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">我也考察了世界最穷的非洲，那里与我想象的原始与野蛮判若两个社会<span lang="EN-US">——</span>有<span lang="EN-US">32</span>个国家的最低收入超过中国，一些国家虽然贫穷，但人民却也安居乐业。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">我更了解社会主义中国<span lang="EN-US">——</span>这些年来，贫富差距越拉越大，中国目前存在的严重分配不公带来诸如暴力、偷盗抢劫、自杀、绑架、群体事件等许多社会问题，由于百姓的收入过低，导致国民购买力不足，难以使经济持久繁荣。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">我注意到，一些官员到国外考察，回来只讲外国公务员工资如何之高、福利如何之好，只字不提外国百姓的工资是中国的<span lang="EN-US">40</span>倍、外国百姓的福利比公务员多得多。中国官员忙着让自己的工资与国际接轨，把百姓的工资远远甩在了后面。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">于是，我系统研究了世界<span lang="EN-US">183</span>个国家和地区（含中国台湾、香港和澳门<span lang="EN-US">3</span>个地区，欠梵蒂冈、巴勒斯坦、吉布提、埃及、赤道几内亚、斐济、几内亚、朝鲜、马其顿、莫桑比克、瑙鲁、卡塔尔、索马里、锡金和列支敦士登<span lang="EN-US">15</span>个国家）的工资制度，其目的是让人民了解真相，供决策者参考。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">数据来源为世界银行、国际货币基金组织、亚洲银行、非洲银行、国际劳联、欧盟、经合组织、各国统计局及劳工部等，篇幅所限，每个数据恕不一一加注，并省略分析研究过程和许多图表，各种数据对比的中值数没有列出，仅使用平均数。为了便于比较，货币均换算成人民币元。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">一、最低工资标准与最低年收入</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界多数国家用法律规定最低工资标准，并根据经济状况定期或不定期调整。在规定最低工资的国家中，<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>的国家只规定一个标准，<span lang="EN-US">40%</span>的国家对不同工种规定不同最低工资标准，为了便于比较，在有不同的最低工资时，本文只采用最低的数据。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．规定最低月工资。这样的国家最多，如：卢森堡<span lang="EN-US">16420</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，冰岛<span lang="EN-US">14993</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，比利时<span lang="EN-US">21</span>岁以上无服役经历<span lang="EN-US">13875</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月、有半年服役经历<span lang="EN-US">14243</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月、有一年服役经历<span lang="EN-US">14407</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，荷兰<span lang="EN-US">13820</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，安道尔<span lang="EN-US">8979</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，塞浦路斯<span lang="EN-US">7890</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，希腊<span lang="EN-US">7400</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，西班牙<span lang="EN-US">7280</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，以色列<span lang="EN-US">6853</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月（或平均工资的<span lang="EN-US">47.5%</span>），马耳他<span lang="EN-US">6300</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，斯洛文尼亚<span lang="EN-US">5890</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，葡萄牙<span lang="EN-US">5250</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，捷克<span lang="EN-US">3060</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，斯洛伐克<span lang="EN-US">2960</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，土耳其<span lang="EN-US">2860</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，波兰<span lang="EN-US">2810</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，爱沙尼亚<span lang="EN-US">2780</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，匈牙利<span lang="EN-US">2700</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，拉托维亚<span lang="EN-US">2540</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，立陶宛<span lang="EN-US">2320</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，智利<span lang="EN-US">2310</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，阿根廷<span lang="EN-US">2232</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，俄罗斯<span lang="EN-US">1921</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，巴西<span lang="EN-US">1790</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，罗马尼亚<span lang="EN-US">1530</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，伊朗<span lang="EN-US">1518</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，阿尔及利亚<span lang="EN-US">1500</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，秘鲁<span lang="EN-US">1298</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，保加利亚<span lang="EN-US">1230</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，加蓬<span lang="EN-US">1200</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，科威特<span lang="EN-US">960</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，刚果<span lang="EN-US">810</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，巴基斯坦<span lang="EN-US">486</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，利比里亚<span lang="EN-US">442</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，喀麦隆<span lang="EN-US">424</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，柬埔寨<span lang="EN-US">392</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，越南<span lang="EN-US">320</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s14.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a7d81bcad" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><shape id="_x0000_i1026" alt="刘植荣：世界工资研究报告" href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s14.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a7d81bcad" target="_blank" type="#_x0000_t75" style="width:24;height:24"></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><imagedata src="&#102;ile:///C:\DOCUME~1\泰山松\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png" ohref="http://s14.sinaimg.cn/middle/46904e31h819a7d81bcad&690"></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape></span></a><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．规定最低小时工资。这样的国家有德国<span lang="EN-US">81.5</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时（西部）和<span lang="EN-US">65.8</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时（东部），新西兰<span lang="EN-US">60.80</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时，日本<span lang="EN-US">60.29</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时，加拿大<span lang="EN-US">54.45</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时，美国<span lang="EN-US">50.75</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时，韩国<span lang="EN-US">24</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时，马绍尔<span lang="EN-US">14</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．同时规定最低小时工资或日工资以及最低月工资或最低周工资。这样的国家有摩纳哥<span lang="EN-US">92.61</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时或<span lang="EN-US">14046</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，荷兰<span lang="EN-US">646</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>日或<span lang="EN-US">3228</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>周或<span lang="EN-US">13986</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，爱尔兰<span lang="EN-US">86.5</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时或<span lang="EN-US">14620</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，法国<span lang="EN-US">88.20</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时或<span lang="EN-US">13377</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，安道尔是<span lang="EN-US">71.80</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时或<span lang="EN-US">8979</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，英国<span lang="EN-US">64.66</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时或<span lang="EN-US">10100</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，澳大利亚<span lang="EN-US">87.29</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时或<span lang="EN-US">3317</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>周。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．规定最低工资的同时规定强制性奖金。有几个国家除了法律规定最低工资外，还强制支付年终奖金和生活津贴，如马耳他<span lang="EN-US">1424</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>周<span lang="EN-US">+2703</span>元年终奖<span lang="EN-US">+2420</span>元年生活津贴。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．法律不规定最低工资，由劳资双方协议规定。一些工会组织较好的资本主义国家工人经过多年的斗争，整体工资水平较高，国家无需再用法律的形式规定最低工资，工资标准通过劳动合同的方式规定，但有个公认的标准，如：瑞典<span lang="EN-US">22700</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，瑞士<span lang="EN-US">20838</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月（非熟练工）和<span lang="EN-US">26374</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月（熟练工），奥地利<span lang="EN-US">11667</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．由于各国政府对领最低工资的人给予减免税和多种福利。这样，领取最低工资的人的年收入实际要搞出工资很多，因此，分析各国领取最低工资者的年收入能更准确地反映其收入情况。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界<span lang="EN-US">183</span>个国家和地区的最低收入平均为<span lang="EN-US">41535</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，排在前<span lang="EN-US">20</span>名的国家除澳大利亚、新西兰、加拿大和美国外，都集中在欧洲。这些国家是（从高到低）挪威<span lang="EN-US">339132</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，芬兰<span lang="EN-US">240000</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，瑞典<span lang="EN-US">223200</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，冰岛<span lang="EN-US">208396</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，爱尔兰<span lang="EN-US">185353</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，摩纳哥<span lang="EN-US">168550</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，丹麦<span lang="EN-US">158991</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，德国<span lang="EN-US">142128</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，卢森堡<span lang="EN-US">141379</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，荷兰<span lang="EN-US">134421</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，澳大利亚<span lang="EN-US">133203</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，比利时<span lang="EN-US">131992</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，法国<span lang="EN-US">122941</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，新西兰<span lang="EN-US">117117</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，加拿大<span lang="EN-US">113638</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，圣马力诺<span lang="EN-US">111097</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，意大利<span lang="EN-US">110265</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，瑞士<span lang="EN-US">108577</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，安道尔<span lang="EN-US">107748</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，美国<span lang="EN-US">105560</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国最低年收入为<span lang="EN-US">6120</span>元，不到世界平均值的<span lang="EN-US">15%</span>，排在<span lang="EN-US">158</span>位，倒数第<span lang="EN-US">26</span>位，最低收入排名在中国之后的<span lang="EN-US">25</span>个国家有<span lang="EN-US">14</span>个在非洲，<span lang="EN-US">8</span>个在亚洲，大洋洲、美洲和欧洲各有一个国家。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s5.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a81db70c4" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><shape id="_x0000_i1027" alt="刘植荣：世界工资研究报告" href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s5.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a81db70c4" target="_blank" type="#_x0000_t75" style="width:10pt;height:24"></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><imagedata src="&#102;ile:///C:\DOCUME~1\泰山松\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.png" ohref="http://s5.sinaimg.cn/middle/46904e31h819a81db70c4&690"></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape></span></a><p></p></span></p><p></p> <p>本人最底工资没达到，还欠薪五个月，</p> <p>悲哀啊</p> <p>为了什么删帖子呢</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">二、衡量最低工资的三个指标</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">衡量最低工资的指标有<span lang="EN-US">3</span>个，第一个是最低工资与人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的比率，用于解释国家劳动力的价值；第二个是最低工资与平均工资的比率，用于解释分配公平情况；第三个是最低工资的增长率，用于解释国家对低收入群体的关注情况。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">最低工资与人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的比值世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>（国际劳工组织《世界工资报告<span lang="EN-US">08/09</span>》的数据是<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>，见该报告第<span lang="EN-US">35</span>页），中国比较熟悉的国家的数据是：埃塞俄比亚<span lang="EN-US">127%</span>，刚果金<span lang="EN-US">125%</span>，阿富汗<span lang="EN-US">113%</span>，巴基斯坦<span lang="EN-US">110%</span>，印度<span lang="EN-US">106%</span>，芬兰<span lang="EN-US">66%</span>，尼日利亚<span lang="EN-US">66%</span>，摩洛哥<span lang="EN-US">64%</span>，喀麦隆<span lang="EN-US">63%</span>，新西兰<span lang="EN-US">62%</span>，瑞典<span lang="EN-US">61%</span>，丹麦<span lang="EN-US">61%</span>，孟加拉<span lang="EN-US">61%</span>，古巴<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>，伊朗<span lang="EN-US">59%</span>，菲律宾<span lang="EN-US">59%</span>，蒙古<span lang="EN-US">56%</span>，比利时<span lang="EN-US">52%</span>，澳大利亚<span lang="EN-US">51%</span>，法国<span lang="EN-US">51%</span>，德国<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，希腊<span lang="EN-US">44%</span>，挪威<span lang="EN-US">43%</span>，葡萄牙<span lang="EN-US">42%</span>，加拿大<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>，意大利<span lang="EN-US">40%</span>，韩国<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，瑞士<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，美国<span lang="EN-US">32%</span>，日本<span lang="EN-US">32%</span>，英国<span lang="EN-US">28%</span>。中国是<span lang="EN-US">25%</span>，世界排第<span lang="EN-US">158</span>位。值得注意的是，有<span lang="EN-US">25</span>个国家（多数是非洲国家）其最低工资超过人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s15.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h731a28defb0e" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s3.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h7f059f9c8b32" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s1.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h7f05a8d1e6a0" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s3.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h7f05b468fc02" target="_blank"></a> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界各国平均工资数据不全，本报告采用经合组织的数据。经合组织<span lang="EN-US">24</span>国最低工资与平均工资的比值平均为<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>，由高到低排名为：瑞士<span lang="EN-US">83%</span>，瑞典<span lang="EN-US">76%</span>，芬兰<span lang="EN-US">73%</span>，挪威<span lang="EN-US">71%</span>，爱尔兰<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>，丹麦<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>，德国<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>，意大利<span lang="EN-US">54%</span>，波兰<span lang="EN-US">52%</span>，葡萄牙<span lang="EN-US">51%</span>，希腊<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>，法国<span lang="EN-US">49%</span>，比利时<span lang="EN-US">46%</span>，奥地利<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，荷兰<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，西班牙<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，卢森堡<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>，韩国<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，澳大利亚<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，捷克<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，日本<span lang="EN-US">35%</span>，英国<span lang="EN-US">30%</span>，美国<span lang="EN-US">30%</span>，匈牙利<span lang="EN-US">29%</span>。<span lang="EN-US">24</span>国平均工资占人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">81%</span>，最低工资与人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的比值是<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.1pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s14.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a8aeb40bd" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><shape id="_x0000_i1028" alt="刘植荣：世界工资研究报告" type="#_x0000_t75" target="_blank" href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s14.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a8aeb40bd" style="width:24;height:24"></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><imagedata ohref="http://s14.sinaimg.cn/middle/46904e31h819a8aeb40bd&690" src="&#102;ile:///C:\DOCUME~1\泰山松\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.jpg"></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape></span></a><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">发展中国家平均工资占人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的比重高于发达国家，一般在<span lang="EN-US">110%</span>左右。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国平均工资如果按照国家统计局的数据，中国最低工资是平均工资的<span lang="EN-US">21%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">在<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>至<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年间，最低工资年增长率（扣除通货膨胀因素）发达国家为<span lang="EN-US">3.8%</span>，发展中国家为<span lang="EN-US"> 6.5%</span>，世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">5.7%</span>。在<span lang="EN-US">1995</span>年至<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年间，世界人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>每增加<span lang="EN-US">1</span>个百分点，平均工资增加<span lang="EN-US">0.75</span>个百分点。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s16.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h7f046efc523f" target="_blank"></a> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">三、社会财富分配与贫富差距</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">财富分配主要考察高、低收入群体收入状况，也就是社会财富的流向，用占社会总收入的百分比来表达。本节对有数据（<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年数据）的<span lang="EN-US">134</span>个国家进行分析。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界最富的<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>的群体收入平均占社会总收入的<span lang="EN-US">47%</span>，这个比率越低，贫富差距越小，社会越和谐。比率最低的<span lang="EN-US">20</span>个国家是（从低到高）<span lang="EN-US">:</span>阿塞拜疆<span lang="EN-US">30%</span>，斯洛伐克<span lang="EN-US">35%</span>，日本<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，丹麦<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，捷克<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，瑞典<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，白俄罗斯<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，芬兰<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，德国<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，挪威<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，乌克兰<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，韩国<span lang="EN-US">38%</span>，克罗地亚<span lang="EN-US">38%</span>，奥地利<span lang="EN-US">38%</span>，保加利亚<span lang="EN-US">38%</span>，塞尔维亚<span lang="EN-US">38%</span>，匈牙利<span lang="EN-US">39%</span>，荷兰<span lang="EN-US">39%</span>，埃塞俄比亚<span lang="EN-US">39</span>，斯洛文尼亚<span lang="EN-US">39%</span>。超过<span lang="EN-US">47%</span>的国家绝大多数是非洲和南美洲国家。所有工业化国家这一数值均低于世界平均值，没有列进上述<span lang="EN-US">20</span>个国家的工业化国家是：加拿大<span lang="EN-US">40%</span>，法国<span lang="EN-US">40%</span>，澳大利亚<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>，瑞士<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>，比利时<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>，希腊<span lang="EN-US">42%</span>，爱尔兰<span lang="EN-US">42%</span>，意大利<span lang="EN-US">42%</span>，西班牙<span lang="EN-US">42%</span>，新西兰<span lang="EN-US">44%</span>，英国<span lang="EN-US">44%</span>，俄罗斯<span lang="EN-US">44%</span>，美国<span lang="EN-US">46%</span>，葡萄牙<span lang="EN-US">46%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国为<span lang="EN-US">48%</span>，高于世界平均值一个百分点，在<span lang="EN-US">134</span>个国家中排第<span lang="EN-US">81</span>位。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界最穷的<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>的群体收入平均占社会总收入的<span lang="EN-US">6%</span>，这个比率越高，贫富差距越小，社会越和谐。最高的<span lang="EN-US">20</span>个国家是（由高到低）阿塞拜疆<span lang="EN-US">13%</span>，日本<span lang="EN-US">11%</span>，捷克<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>，芬兰<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>，挪威<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>，孟加拉<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，埃塞俄比亚<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，瑞典<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，巴基斯坦<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，乌克兰<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，埃及<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，布隆迪<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，斯洛伐克<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，白俄罗斯<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，克罗地亚<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，保加利亚<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，奥地利<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，亚美尼亚<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，德国<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>，比利时<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>。低于<span lang="EN-US">6%</span>的国家绝大多数是非洲和南美洲国家。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国为<span lang="EN-US">5.7%</span>，低于世界平均值<span lang="EN-US">0.3</span>个百分点，在<span lang="EN-US">134</span>个国家中排第<span lang="EN-US">88</span>位。西方工业化国家除美国外都高于中国，美国为<span lang="EN-US">5.4%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国财政部的统计数字显示，中国<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>的富裕家庭占城市居民全部财产的<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，最低收入<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>的家庭占城市居民全部财产的<span lang="EN-US">1.4%</span>（中国政府的好多统计不统计私企、个体工商户、农民工和农业工人，故本报告只能用该数据）。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界最富的<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>的群体收入平均占社会总收入的<span lang="EN-US">31.7%</span>，超过<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>的国家只有<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个国家，即哥伦比亚<span lang="EN-US">45.9%</span>，海地<span lang="EN-US">47.8%</span>，博茨瓦纳<span lang="EN-US">51%</span>和纳米比亚<span lang="EN-US">65%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界最穷的<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>的群体收入平均占社会总收入<span lang="EN-US">2.5%</span>，低于<span lang="EN-US">1.4%</span>的只有<span lang="EN-US">17</span>个国家，即纳米比亚<span lang="EN-US">1.3%</span>，危地马拉<span lang="EN-US">1.3%</span>，南非<span lang="EN-US">1.3%</span>，博茨瓦纳<span lang="EN-US">1.3%</span>，阿根廷<span lang="EN-US">1.2%</span>，厄瓜多尔<span lang="EN-US">1.2%</span>，巴拉圭<span lang="EN-US">1.1%</span>，巴西<span lang="EN-US">1.1%</span>，萨尔瓦多<span lang="EN-US">1%</span>，莱索托<span lang="EN-US">1%</span>，海地<span lang="EN-US">0.9%</span>，巴拿马<span lang="EN-US">0.8%</span>，哥伦比亚<span lang="EN-US">0.8%</span>，洪都拉斯<span lang="EN-US">0.7%</span>，安哥拉<span lang="EN-US">0.6%</span>，纳米比亚<span lang="EN-US">0.6%</span>，玻利维亚<span lang="EN-US">0.5%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">从以上数据可以看出，中国属于世界贫富差距最大的国家行列。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s13.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819ab0e0b73c" target="_blank"></a><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><br /><br /></span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">也可以用吉尼系数描述一个国家的贫富差距，吉尼系数在<span lang="EN-US">0.2</span>以下叫高度平等社会，在<span lang="EN-US">0.2</span>到<span lang="EN-US">0.4</span>之间叫低度不平等社会，在<span lang="EN-US">0.4</span>以上叫高度不平等社会。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">2005</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">年，世界<span lang="EN-US">134</span>个国家吉尼系数平均为<span lang="EN-US">0.40</span>，中国为<span lang="EN-US">0.42</span>，在<span lang="EN-US">134</span>个国家中排名第<span lang="EN-US">83</span>位，所有工业化国家的吉尼系数均低与中国，丹麦<span lang="EN-US">0.25</span>，日本<span lang="EN-US">0.25</span>，瑞典<span lang="EN-US">0.25</span>，挪威<span lang="EN-US">0.26</span>，芬兰<span lang="EN-US">0.27</span>，德国<span lang="EN-US">0.28</span>，奥地利<span lang="EN-US">0.29</span>，荷兰<span lang="EN-US">0.31</span>，韩国<span lang="EN-US">0.32</span>，加拿大<span lang="EN-US">0.33</span>，法国<span lang="EN-US">0.33</span>，比利时<span lang="EN-US">0.33</span>，瑞士<span lang="EN-US">0.34</span>，爱尔兰<span lang="EN-US">0.34</span>，希腊<span lang="EN-US">0.34</span>，西班牙<span lang="EN-US">0.35</span>，澳大利亚<span lang="EN-US">0.35</span>，英国<span lang="EN-US">0.36</span>，意大利<span lang="EN-US">0.36</span>，美国<span lang="EN-US">0.41</span>。排在中国后面的<span lang="EN-US">50</span>个国家多数是非洲和南美国家。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s6.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a951e6605" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><shape id="_x0000_i1029" alt="刘植荣：世界工资研究报告" type="#_x0000_t75" target="_blank" href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s6.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a951e6605" style="width:24;height:24"></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><imagedata ohref="http://s6.sinaimg.cn/middle/46904e31h819a951e6605&690" src="&#102;ile:///C:\DOCUME~1\泰山松\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.png"></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape></span></a><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">2007</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">年，世界平均家庭消费占人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">61%</span>，中国这一数字为<span lang="EN-US">34%</span>，约是世界水平的一半。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界通常把日生活支出<span lang="EN-US">1.25</span>美元划为赤贫线，<span lang="EN-US">2 </span>美元划为贫困线，<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年，中国在赤贫线及以下的人口占全国总人口的<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>，在贫困线及以下的人口占全国总人口的<span lang="EN-US">49%</span>。中国在世界属于贫穷国家。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">从中国政府发布的数据也可以验证上述世界银行的报告。中国<span lang="EN-US">31</span>个省级行政单位现行最低工资平均是<span lang="EN-US">608</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，上海最高，为<span lang="EN-US">960</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月；安徽最低，为<span lang="EN-US">560</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月、<span lang="EN-US">540</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月、<span lang="EN-US">500</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月、<span lang="EN-US">460</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月、<span lang="EN-US">420</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月和<span lang="EN-US">390</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月六个档次。<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年末全国就业人员<span lang="EN-US">77995</span>万人，离退休人员<span lang="EN-US">5795</span>万人，中国总人口为<span lang="EN-US">133474</span>万人，也就是说一个就业人员要养活<span lang="EN-US">1.64</span>个人（农村这一数字要高），一个拿最低工资的人的生活支出只有<span lang="EN-US">371</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月。联合国把日生活支出<span lang="EN-US">2 </span>美元划为贫困线，即<span lang="EN-US">415</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，中国拿最低工资的劳动者的生活水平大大低于联合国规定的贫困线。<b><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s11.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h73222b12cbba" target="_blank"></a></span></b><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">四、世界工资研究结论</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">通过对世界<span lang="EN-US">183</span>个国家和地区工资制度的研究，得出的结论如下：<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．最低工资是人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">58% <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">建立科学的工资制度，其基础是确定合理的最低工资，最低工资的参照系是人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>，最低工资是人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>。最低工资一旦确定，自然就形成了全国从业人员的平均工资，平均工资一般是最低工资的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">最低工资须每年调整，调整幅度参照<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的增幅或消费者物价指数。法国最低工资从<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年<span lang="EN-US">8</span>月的<span lang="EN-US">66.7</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时调整到<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年<span lang="EN-US">7</span>月的<span lang="EN-US">88.20</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>小时，平均每年增长<span lang="EN-US">4.03%</span>。（注：法国工时从<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年<span lang="EN-US">6</span>月由每月<span lang="EN-US">169</span>小时调整为<span lang="EN-US">151.67</span>小时。）相比之下，法国公务员的工资增长缓慢，巴黎公务员的最低工资从<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年<span lang="EN-US">8</span>月的<span lang="EN-US">11650</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月增长到<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月的<span lang="EN-US">13870</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，平均每年增长<span lang="EN-US">2.38%</span>。中级公务员平均总收入从<span lang="EN-US">1992</span>年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月到<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月，平均每年增长<span lang="EN-US">1.52%. <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．公务员工资是最低工资的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">可比性工资制度被世界多数国家采纳，尤其是工业化国家，任何人的工资都有可比性：与人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>比，与最低工资比，与平均工资比。世界各国（中国除外）都为所有吃皇粮的公职人员依市场机制制定统一标准的工资制度，实行同工同酬，并体现以人为本的思想，劳动强度大和劳动环境恶劣工种的工资明显高于空调办公室里公务员的工资，数据显示，法国、挪威、芬兰、丹麦等国家的公务员工资与私营企业持平，瑞典、新加坡、德国等国家的公务员工资明显低于私营企业雇员的工资，有的甚至没有建筑工人工资高。如<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年新加坡公务员工资为<span lang="EN-US">235475</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，而工资水平排在第<span lang="EN-US">100</span>位的筑路打桩工的工资为<span lang="EN-US">286848</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，公务员工资不如修路工人高。<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年瑞典政府机关和军警的平均工资是<span lang="EN-US">28900</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，而建筑业平均工资是<span lang="EN-US">29400</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，公务员工资同样没有建筑工人高。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">美国法律规定，公务员无权自己给自己涨工资，必须经过国会批准；公务员工资标准参照私企，且不得高于同类地区私企工资；公务员工资每年的微调增幅不得超过工资成本指数，公务员工资的涨幅必须小于私企；公务员的任何工资变动必须报国会批准，并进行公示，公示在先，加薪在后；所有公务员的工资必须透明，并且所有公民随时可以查阅公务员的工资标准。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．各级别公务员工资差距不超过<span lang="EN-US">60% <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界各国（中国除外）公务员工资的职级差别很小，一般在<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>左右。如<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年法国公务员平均月工资为<span lang="EN-US">24600</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，扣除各种摊派和税款，拿到手的净工资为<span lang="EN-US">20720</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月。高级公务员净工资<span lang="EN-US">24620</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，中级公务员净工资<span lang="EN-US">17535</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，普通公务员净工资<span lang="EN-US">15504</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，最高阶层工资比最低阶层工资高出<span lang="EN-US">59%</span>。公职部门的工资也基本平衡，如挪威，工资最高是的外交官，工资最低的是军人，最高工资比最低工资仅高出<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．行业之间的工资差为<span lang="EN-US">70% <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界各国（中国除外）各行业之间的工资差一般不超过一倍。挪威<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年各行业工资为：石油矿业<span lang="EN-US">60817</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，金融证券<span lang="EN-US">55779</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，电力<span lang="EN-US">47687</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，房地产<span lang="EN-US">44421</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，国立医院<span lang="EN-US">41308</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，社会个体经营<span lang="EN-US">41182</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，中央政府开支的公职人员<span lang="EN-US">41078</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，国立学校职员<span lang="EN-US">40976</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，交通运输<span lang="EN-US">40514</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，制造业<span lang="EN-US">39393</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，私营学校<span lang="EN-US">39294</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，渔业<span lang="EN-US">38843</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，建筑业<span lang="EN-US">38273/</span>月，批发零售<span lang="EN-US">37096</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，地方公务员<span lang="EN-US">35272</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，保健和社会服务<span lang="EN-US">34098</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，旅馆餐饮<span lang="EN-US">28261</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，行业之间的工资差为<span lang="EN-US">115%</span>。瑞典<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年各行业工资为：科研<span lang="EN-US">30400</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，房地<span lang="EN-US">30400</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，教育<span lang="EN-US">30300</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月（基础教育<span lang="EN-US">24400</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，高等教育<span lang="EN-US">30500</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月），建筑工业<span lang="EN-US">29400</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，政府机关和军警<span lang="EN-US">28900</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，金融保险<span lang="EN-US">27100</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，管理服务<span lang="EN-US">26300</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，文化娱乐<span lang="EN-US">26100</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，医疗保健<span lang="EN-US">25200</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，行业之间的工资差仅为<span lang="EN-US">21%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．企业高管工资是全国平均工资的<span lang="EN-US">2.2</span>倍<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界各国（中国除外）由政府注资的企业高管工资执行公务员工资制度，其工资标准与高级公务员基本持平。挪威<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年全国平均工资为<span lang="EN-US">40047</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，总经理和总执行官<span lang="EN-US">63353</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，技术专家<span lang="EN-US">54847</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，技术员<span lang="EN-US">46723</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，职员<span lang="EN-US">33971</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，销售等服务人员<span lang="EN-US">31567</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，贸易工人<span lang="EN-US">35397</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，车间工人<span lang="EN-US">34824</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，徒工<span lang="EN-US">30054</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，企业老总工资仅是徒工的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍。法国国企高管的工资限制很严，每年财政部给企业一个工资总额，且亏损企业的工资总额不得增加，然后企业高管拿着财政部给的工资总额再与工会谈判工资。法国对公用性、垄断性公司高管的工资水平直接参考公务员体系而不考虑市场因素。国有企业是人民的，因此董事长必须是公务员，由总理任命，执行公务员工资标准。总经理由董事会招聘，工资标准由财政部确定，没有浮动部分，也不实行年薪制。财政部的公务员不能到曾管辖过的国企任职。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．学历对工资影响有限<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">学历对工资高低影响有限，最高学历工资仅高出最低学历工资<span lang="EN-US">70%</span>。如<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年，挪威各学历段平均月工资为：持初等文凭的职工<span lang="EN-US">32760</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，持中等文凭的职工<span lang="EN-US">38610</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，持大学文凭的职工<span lang="EN-US">45630</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，研究生以上学历的职工<span lang="EN-US">56160</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，最高学历工资与最低学历工资比值为<span lang="EN-US">1.7</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">7</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．年龄对工资影响很小<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">一般年龄越大，工资越高，但这种差别并不明显。如<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年，瑞典领取低工资的年龄段在<span lang="EN-US">18—24</span>岁间，该年龄段的工资为<span lang="EN-US">22000</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，领取高工资的年龄段在<span lang="EN-US">60—64</span>岁间，该年龄段的工资为<span lang="EN-US">32000</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月。高年龄段的工资仅高出低年龄段工资<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">五、中国工资存在的问题及改革建议</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国工资存在的主要问题是没有工资制度，特别是国家公务员工资，每次都没经过人民的同意悄悄涨薪，而且幅度是<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>增幅的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍，这在世界绝无仅有。公务员是人民的雇员，公务员工资必须经过人民批准才合法。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">一些吃国家财政的单位把国家当成唐僧肉，想法设法侵占人民利益。一些国有垄断企业把的工资高出最低工资几十倍上百倍，使人民财富大量流失到少数人手中，造成严重的分配不公。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">造成中国社会分配不公的主要原因是，政策制定缺乏民主元素。公务员涨工资是悄悄地大涨，事先不透露任何消息，媒体不作任何报道，一涨就是上千元，而且一年还要发<span lang="EN-US">13</span>个月的工资；大多数劳动者的工资是大张旗鼓地小涨，几个月前甚至一年前媒体就铺天盖地宣传，百姓苦苦期待结果只涨了百八十元。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s16.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819aa0f3a60f" target="_blank"></a><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><br /><br /></span><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">现在有种不正常的现象，权贵攫取人民利益时，没人出来阻止，当最广大人民群众想得到点利益时，就遭遇很大的阻力。笔者呼吁提高最低工资时，一些官员、学者歇斯底里地抵制提高最低工资，说什么提高最低工资对经济具有杀伤力，会搞垮企业。奇怪的是，这些年来每年都大幅度提高公务员工资，没见有官员学者出来抵制，说提高公务员工资对共产党具有杀伤力，会搞垮政府。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．工资统计必须覆盖所有从业人员<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">国家统计局每年只统计吃皇粮的工资，工资统计覆盖面还不到从业人员的<span lang="EN-US">15%</span>，这绝对真是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>中国特色<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。每年公布全国平均工资，百姓为自己的工资<span lang="EN-US">“</span>被增长<span lang="EN-US">”</span>而愤怒，这样统计只能误导政策制定者制定不得人心的政策。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界除战乱国家外，几乎都把所有从业人员纳入工资统计范围，包括保姆、发廊理发员、饭馆洗菜工、服务员、自由职业者、农业季节性工人等。道理很简单，任何劳动者都是国家财富的创造者，不把他们统计进去那就是对他们的漠视，就相当于国家把他们抛弃，抛弃了衣食父母是忘本的不道德的行为。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">统计是制定政策的指针，国家统计局的工资统计必须包括在中华人民共和国国土上的所有劳动并获得报酬的人员的工资，这样才能获得真实的数据。否则，如果只统计吃皇粮的工资，中国的贫富差距会越来越大，社会越来越动荡，和谐社会只能是句口号，人民绝对不满意。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．国家法定最低工资应提高到<span lang="EN-US">1177</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">我们以<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>排名第<span lang="EN-US">11</span>位的河北省作样本（人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP19363</span>元）。<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年河北省最低工资分为<span lang="EN-US">680</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月、<span lang="EN-US">620</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月、<span lang="EN-US">560</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月和<span lang="EN-US">510</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，本报告与世界其他国家和地区一致，取最低值，即<span lang="EN-US">510</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月或<span lang="EN-US">6120</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，在世界<span lang="EN-US">183</span>个国家和地区中排第<span lang="EN-US">158</span>位，甚至有<span lang="EN-US">32</span>个非洲国家的最低工资高于中国。中国吃皇粮的工资<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年涨幅高达<span lang="EN-US">17.2%</span>，几乎是<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>增幅的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍，一些地区最低工资多年不作调整，有的地区虽然调整了最低工资，但其增幅也大大低于吃皇粮的工资幅度。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年的人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>世界排名第<span lang="EN-US">99</span>位，可我们的最低工资却排在第<span lang="EN-US">158</span>位，最低工资标准显然与经济发展不相称，人民为经济发展做出了贡献，可他们却没有因此受益。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界多数国家的工资占企业成本的<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>，中国还不到<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>。由于<span lang="EN-US">85%</span>的从业人员的工资过低，使中国从业人员的劳动报酬在国民收入中的比重逐年下降，资本回报比重却逐年上升。最低工资过低是内需不足的主要原因。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界最低工资平均是人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>，目前中国的最低工资只是人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">25%</span>，不及世界标准的一半。所以，中国工资问题的当务之急是把最低工资调整到世界平均水平，即人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>。<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年中国的人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>为<span lang="EN-US">3566</span>美元，即<span lang="EN-US">24356</span>人民币元，中国的最低工资标准应为<span lang="EN-US">14126</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年或<span lang="EN-US">1177</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月。这是国家规定的最低工资标准，各省、市、自治区可根据当地的经济状况（人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>）制定本地区的最低工资标准。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">科学、合理并与国际惯例接轨的最低工资一旦确定，全国私营企业的平均工资就自然形成，因为企业都倾向于用最低工资雇工。研究显示，平均工资是最低工资的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍，也就是说，中国所有从业人员的平均工资会在<span lang="EN-US">2354</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月左右波动。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．建立可比性公务员工资制度和利益回避制度<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">工资高低是相对的，对比出来的，也就是说，任何工资制度的建立必须首先确定参照系，那就是人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>、最低工资和全国从业人员平均工资。世界公务员的平均工资大致等于人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>，与全国从业人员平均工资持平，是最低工资的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">按照国家统计局的数据，<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年中国公务员平均工资是<span lang="EN-US">33869</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，约是最低工资的<span lang="EN-US">6</span>倍，这样对比可以说中国公务员工资是世界上最高的。因为世界多数国家公务员工资是最低工资的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍。所以，按照国际惯例，中国公务员工资标准应是这样的：如果按中国现在最低工资<span lang="EN-US">510</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月的标准，那公务员工资应为<span lang="EN-US">1020</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月；如果把最低工资定在合理的<span lang="EN-US">1177</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月，那公务员工资应是<span lang="EN-US">2354</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>月。如果官员们不接受前一个标准，那他们就该认真考虑考虑百姓的工资了。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">国家要制定工资法，该法律必须体现公务员与私营企业以及公务员内部同工同酬的原则，公务员工资紧盯私营企业并不得高于私营企业。参照工业化国家的先进工资管理经验，工资标准用工资基数确定下来，按照总理正副职、部级正副职、司级正副职、处级正副职、科级正副职、科员、办事员<span lang="EN-US">12</span>级，每级<span lang="EN-US">10</span>档共<span lang="EN-US">120</span>个工资级别确定工资基数，级档标准可以交叉，工资基数固定，每年根据统计局的物价指数进行微调。工资制度一定要透明，任何公民可以查验任何公务员的工资标准。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">在制定工资标准时，必须遵守利益回避制度，公务员给自己加薪为非法，任何工资标准的变动，必须经过人大通过方可生效。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">．公有制企业工资标准参照公务员工资<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国政府注资企业各行业间工资差别悬殊，这在世界也是绝无仅有。根据<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年<span lang="EN-US">5</span>月<span lang="EN-US">5</span>日《中国青年报》的报道，在<span lang="EN-US">14</span>家上市银行中，浦发银行、民生银行和中信银行的人均薪酬最高，各为<span lang="EN-US">45.62</span>万元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年、<span lang="EN-US">39.82</span>万元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年和<span lang="EN-US">34.61</span>万元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，人均薪酬最少的工商银行、交通银行、建设银行分别为<span lang="EN-US">13.04</span>万元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年、<span lang="EN-US">14.79</span>万元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年和<span lang="EN-US">15.36</span>万元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年。中国建筑、餐饮、编织等行业的工资约在<span lang="EN-US">1</span>万元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年左右，中国行业之间工资差达到了<span lang="EN-US">3000%</span>，是世界平均值的<span lang="EN-US">43</span>倍！<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">国有企业职工原则上也属于公务员的范畴，因为国有资产属于全国人民所有，人民雇用一些人经营这些企业，这和政府机关公务员的性质是一样的。在国外，凡受人民之托为人民办事的人都属于公务员的范畴。所以，公有制企业工资标准必须参照公务员工资，不能凭借自己的垄断地位发天价工资，变相窃取人民财富。国资委主任李荣融说：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>现在央企高管年薪定得并不高，平均薪酬也就是<span lang="EN-US">60</span>万元人民币左右。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>这就是中国的问题，官员总认为自己的工资并不高，可这<span lang="EN-US">60</span>万是普通百姓一辈子也挣不来的呀。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国最低工资是人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">25%</span>，世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>；中国最低工资是平均工资的<span lang="EN-US">21%</span>，世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>；中国公务员工资是最低工资的<span lang="EN-US">6</span>倍，世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍；中国国企高管工资是最低工资的<span lang="EN-US">98</span>倍，世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">5</span>倍；中国行业工资差高达<span lang="EN-US">3000%</span>，世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">70%</span>。这些数据就是警示，政府必须采取行动解决严重的分配不公了。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s2.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819ab81204a1" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><shape id="_x0000_i1030" alt="刘植荣：世界工资研究报告" type="#_x0000_t75" target="_blank" href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s2.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819ab81204a1" style="width:24;height:24"></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><imagedata ohref="http://s2.sinaimg.cn/middle/46904e31h819ab81204a1&690" src="&#102;ile:///C:\DOCUME~1\泰山松\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.png"></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape></span></a><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">社会主义中国用十几年的时间拉出了资本主义国家几百年没有拉出的贫富差距，成为世界上贫富差距最大的几个国家之一。火车轨道是平行的，一条是权贵，另一条是百姓。工资要与国际接轨必须将两条铁轨平行着一起接，不能把权贵的轨了上去，把百姓的轨留在原地。如果不解决分配差距过大的问题，中国列车就无法前进，中国就建不成和谐社会，只能使社会越来越动荡、越来越不安全。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">现在是政府痛下决心参照国际惯例理顺工资关系的时候了，削峰填谷，该降的降，该涨的涨，让人民满意，让人民高兴，让社会和谐。否则，人民的忍耐是有底地线的，整个中华民族的整体利益必将会因此蒙受不可挽回的损失。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">本文版权没有，欢迎转载传播。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://money.591hx.com/article/2010-03-11/0000049634s.shtml" target="_blank"></a><p></p></span></p><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">二、衡量最低工资的三个指标</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">衡量最低工资的指标有<span lang="EN-US">3</span>个，第一个是最低工资与人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的比率，用于解释国家劳动力的价值；第二个是最低工资与平均工资的比率，用于解释分配公平情况；第三个是最低工资的增长率，用于解释国家对低收入群体的关注情况。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">最低工资与人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的比值世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>（国际劳工组织《世界工资报告<span lang="EN-US">08/09</span>》的数据是<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>，见该报告第<span lang="EN-US">35</span>页），中国比较熟悉的国家的数据是：埃塞俄比亚<span lang="EN-US">127%</span>，刚果金<span lang="EN-US">125%</span>，阿富汗<span lang="EN-US">113%</span>，巴基斯坦<span lang="EN-US">110%</span>，印度<span lang="EN-US">106%</span>，芬兰<span lang="EN-US">66%</span>，尼日利亚<span lang="EN-US">66%</span>，摩洛哥<span lang="EN-US">64%</span>，喀麦隆<span lang="EN-US">63%</span>，新西兰<span lang="EN-US">62%</span>，瑞典<span lang="EN-US">61%</span>，丹麦<span lang="EN-US">61%</span>，孟加拉<span lang="EN-US">61%</span>，古巴<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>，伊朗<span lang="EN-US">59%</span>，菲律宾<span lang="EN-US">59%</span>，蒙古<span lang="EN-US">56%</span>，比利时<span lang="EN-US">52%</span>，澳大利亚<span lang="EN-US">51%</span>，法国<span lang="EN-US">51%</span>，德国<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，希腊<span lang="EN-US">44%</span>，挪威<span lang="EN-US">43%</span>，葡萄牙<span lang="EN-US">42%</span>，加拿大<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>，意大利<span lang="EN-US">40%</span>，韩国<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，瑞士<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，美国<span lang="EN-US">32%</span>，日本<span lang="EN-US">32%</span>，英国<span lang="EN-US">28%</span>。中国是<span lang="EN-US">25%</span>，世界排第<span lang="EN-US">158</span>位。值得注意的是，有<span lang="EN-US">25</span>个国家（多数是非洲国家）其最低工资超过人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s15.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h731a28defb0e" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s3.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h7f059f9c8b32" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s1.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h7f05a8d1e6a0" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s3.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h7f05b468fc02" target="_blank"></a> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">世界各国平均工资数据不全，本报告采用经合组织的数据。经合组织<span lang="EN-US">24</span>国最低工资与平均工资的比值平均为<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>，由高到低排名为：瑞士<span lang="EN-US">83%</span>，瑞典<span lang="EN-US">76%</span>，芬兰<span lang="EN-US">73%</span>，挪威<span lang="EN-US">71%</span>，爱尔兰<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>，丹麦<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>，德国<span lang="EN-US">58%</span>，意大利<span lang="EN-US">54%</span>，波兰<span lang="EN-US">52%</span>，葡萄牙<span lang="EN-US">51%</span>，希腊<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>，法国<span lang="EN-US">49%</span>，比利时<span lang="EN-US">46%</span>，奥地利<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，荷兰<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，西班牙<span lang="EN-US">45%</span>，卢森堡<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>，韩国<span lang="EN-US">37%</span>，澳大利亚<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，捷克<span lang="EN-US">36%</span>，日本<span lang="EN-US">35%</span>，英国<span lang="EN-US">30%</span>，美国<span lang="EN-US">30%</span>，匈牙利<span lang="EN-US">29%</span>。<span lang="EN-US">24</span>国平均工资占人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的<span lang="EN-US">81%</span>，最低工资与人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的比值是<span lang="EN-US">41%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.1pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s14.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a8aeb40bd" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><shape id="_x0000_i1028" alt="刘植荣：世界工资研究报告" type="#_x0000_t75" target="_blank" href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gufv&url=http://s14.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h819a8aeb40bd" style="width:24;height:24"></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><imagedata ohref="http://s14.sinaimg.cn/middle/46904e31h819a8aeb40bd&690" src="&#102;ile:///C:\DOCUME~1\泰山松\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.jpg"></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><imagedata></imagedata><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape><shape></shape></span></a><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">发展中国家平均工资占人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>的比重高于发达国家，一般在<span lang="EN-US">110%</span>左右。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">中国平均工资如果按照国家统计局的数据，中国最低工资是平均工资的<span lang="EN-US">21%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">在<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>至<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年间，最低工资年增长率（扣除通货膨胀因素）发达国家为<span lang="EN-US">3.8%</span>，发展中国家为<span lang="EN-US"> 6.5%</span>，世界平均为<span lang="EN-US">5.7%</span>。在<span lang="EN-US">1995</span>年至<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年间，世界人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP</span>每增加<span lang="EN-US">1</span>个百分点，平均工资增加<span lang="EN-US">0.75</span>个百分点。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=46904e310100gm9j&url=http://s16.sinaimg.cn/orignal/46904e31h7f046efc523f" target="_blank"></a> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p>
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